2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Bcl-2 Family

Bcl-2 Family

Bcl-2 Family

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Bcl-2 is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. These proteins govern mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and can be either pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bad, Bak and Bok among others) or anti-apoptotic (including Bcl-2 proper, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, among an assortment of others). There are a total of 25 genes in the Bcl-2 family known to date. Human genes encoding proteins that belong to this family include: Bak1, Bax, Bal-2, Bok, Mcl-1.

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Specific Products:

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-127130
    Spicamycin
    		Inhibitor
    Spicamycin, an adenine nucleoside antibiotic with antifungal and antitumor activities. Spicamycin is also a potent inducer of differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Spicamycin induces apoptosis in NB4 cells via down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML protein.
    Spicamycin
  • HY-169431
    VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2 (Compound 5) is a VEGFR-2/AKT inhibitor (IC50: 0.061 μM for VEGFRin HepG2 cell). VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2 reduces total and phosphorylated AKT as well as up-regulates BAX and Caspase-3 and down-regulates Bcl-2 in cells, thereby promoting Apoptosis. VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2 causes cell cycle arrest in S phase. VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2 inhibits the growth of human liver tumor cells.
    VEGFR-2/AKT-IN-2
  • HY-136714
    Bcl-2-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    Bcl-2-IN-3 (Compound 10) is a Bcl-2 inhibitor. Bcl-2-IN-3 can be used for the research of cancer.
    Bcl-2-IN-3
  • HY-158783
    SACLAC
    		Activator
    SACLAC, a Ceramide analog, is a potent and covalent acid ceramidase (ASAH1; AC) inhibitor with a Ki of 97.1 nM. SACLAC effectively blocks AC activity and induces a decrease in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and total ceramide levels. SACLAC reduces the levels of splicing factor SF3B1 and alternative Mcl-1 mRNA splicing, increases pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S levels to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. SACLAC reduces the leukemic burden in human AML xenograft mouse models.
    SACLAC
  • HY-N2897R
    Dihydrokaempferol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydrokaempferol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydrokaempferol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydrokaempferol is isolated from Bauhinia championii (Benth). Dihydrokaempferol induces apoptosis and inhibits Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Dihydrokaempferol is a good candidate for new antiarthritic agents.
    Dihydrokaempferol (Standard)
  • HY-115529
    (-)BI97D6
    (-)BI97D6 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the Bcl-2 protein family, inhibiting Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-1 with IC50 values ​​of 0.025, 0.031, 0.076 and 0.122 μM, respectively. (-)BI97D6 stimulates cell death through the Bak and Bax mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, (-)BI97D6 inhibits Mcl-1 and can effectively induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.
    (-)BI97D6
  • HY-171031
    TFGF-18
    TFGF-18 is a GSK-3β inhibitor (IC50: 0.59 μM). TFGF-18 inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory mediators release via inhibiting GSK-3β and downstream p65/NF-κB signaling. TFGF-18 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, inhibits expressions of Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 and increases the expression of Bcl-2. TFGF-18 has neuroprotection effect, inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuates cognitive impairment.
    TFGF-18
  • HY-127057
    Lambertianic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Lambertianic acid is a bioactive diterpene with anti-allergic, antibacterial and anticancer activities. Lambertianic acid decreases androgen receptor protein levels, cellular and secretory levels of prostate-specific antigen. Lambertianic acid also suppresses cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest, downregulating CDK4/6 and cyclin D1, activating p53, p21 and p27. Lambertianic acid induces Apoptosis and the expression of related proteins, including cleaved caspase-3/9, c-PARP and BAX, and inhibited BCl-2. Lambertianic acid is promising for research of prostate cancer.
    Lambertianic acid
  • HY-101083A
    (Rac)-BDA-366
    		Inhibitor
    (Rac)-BDA-366 (example 2) is the despinner of BDA-366 (HY-101083). BDA-366 is a potent Bcl-2 antagonist (Ki=3.3 nM), binding Bcl-2-BH4 domain with high affinity and selectivity. BDA-366 induces conformational change in Bcl-2 that abrogates its antiapoptotic function, converting it from a survival molecule to a cell death inducer. BDA-366 suppresses growth of lung cancer cells.
    (Rac)-BDA-366
  • HY-121200
    Azadirone
    		Inducer
    Azadirone sensitized cancer cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through ROS-ERK-CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5 and DR4 expression, down-regulation of cell survival proteins, and up-regulation of proapoptotic proteins (Bid). Azadirone has antiplasmodial activity.
    Azadirone
  • HY-12011A
    (Rac)-HA14-1
    		Inhibitor
    (Rac)-HA14-1 is the racemic form of HA14-1 (HY-12011). HA14-1 is a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL antagonist with an IC50 of approximately 9 μM against Bcl-2.
    (Rac)-HA14-1
  • HY-119682
    Bax agonist 1
    Bax agonist 1 (compound SMBA2) is a Bax agonist (Ki=57.2 nM). Bax agonist 1 induces Bax conformational changes by blocking S184 phosphorylation, promoting Bax insertion into the mitochondrial membrane and forming Bax oligomers, which induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis in malignant cancer cells expressing Bax. Bax agonist 1 can be used in lung cancer research.
    Bax agonist 1
  • HY-B1357R
    Digitoxin (Standard)
    Digitoxin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Digitoxin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Digitoxin is an anti-cancer agent. Digitoxin induces apoptosis, inhibits influenza cytokine storm, causes DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and blocks the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Digitoxin induces calcium uptake into cells by forming transmembrane calcium channels and can be used for research of heart failure .
    Digitoxin (Standard)
  • HY-122481
    Thaspine acetate
    Thaspine acetate, an alkaloid, is a topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Thaspine acetate induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thaspine acetate induces Bak and Bax activation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Thaspine acetate can be isoalted from the cortex of the South American tree Croton lechleri.
    Thaspine acetate
  • HY-B0464R
    Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
    Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydralazine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage.
    Hydralazine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
  • HY-164468
    Ch282-5
    		Inhibitor
    Ch282-5 is an orally active inhibitor targeting the Bcl-2 protein, inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis (Apoptosis) by disrupting mitophagy and the mTOR pathway. Ch282-5 exhibits antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and it also inhibits metastasis. Additionally, Ch282-5 enhances Oxaliplatin (HY-17371)-induced autophagy (Autophagy) by downregulating the Mcl-1 protein and increasing platelet count, alleviating adverse effects of Navitoclax (HY-10087).
    Ch282-5
  • HY-167881
    MLS-0053105
    		Inhibitor
    MLS-0053105, a chloromaleimide, is a selective BFL-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 µM for Bfl-1/F-Bid. MLS-0053105 shows over 10 times less potent inhibition of Bcl-W, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL and no activity against Bcl-B and Mcl-1.
    MLS-0053105
  • HY-N8508
    Myrothecine A
    		Inducer
    Myrothecine A is a trichothecene mycotoxin found in M. roridum. Myrothecine A induces apoptosis, promotes the cytochrome c release, PARP-cleavage and phosphorylation of JNK, increases Bax and cleaved caspase-3, -5, and -8 levels. Myrothecine A has anticancer activities and promotes the maturation of DC cells in the microenvironment. Myrothecine A inhibits proliferation of A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and SMMC-7721 cancer cells with IC50s of 95, 70, 60, and 25 µM, respectively.
    Myrothecine A
  • HY-B0402AR
    Amantadine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Amantadine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amantadine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) hydrochloride is an orally avtive and potent antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine hydrochloride inhibits several ion channels such as NMDA and M2, and also inhibits Coronavirus ion channels. Amantadine hydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anticancer activity. Amantadine hydrochloride can be used for Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and COVID-19 research.
    Amantadine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
  • HY-N1414A
    3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose
    		Inhibitor
    3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose is a type of oligosaccharide that's effective when taken orally, and it has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties. 3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose inhibits neuronal apoptosis by lowering the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in hippocampal neurons, and it enhances cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
    3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download Bcl-2 Family Signaling Pathway Map.

Bcl-2 family members have been grouped into three classes. The anti-apoptotic subfamily contains the Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, Bfl1/A-1, and Bcl-B proteins, which suppress apoptosis and contain all four Bcl-2 homology domains, designated BH1-4. The pro-apoptotic subfamily contain BH1-3 domains, such as Bax, Bak, and Bok. A third class of BH3 only proteins Bad, Bid, Bim, Noxa and Puma have a conserved BH3 domain that can bind and regulate the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to promote apoptosis [1].


The intrinsic pathway is initiated by various signals, principally extracellular stimuli. BH3-only proteins (Bim, Bid, Bad, Noxa, Puma) engage with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins to relieve their inhibition of Bax and Bak to activate them. Next, Bax and Bak are oligomerized and activated, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Once mitochondrial membranes are permeabilized, cytochrome c and/or Smac/DIABLO is released into the cytoplasm, wherein they combine with an adaptor molecule, Apaf-1, and an inactive initiator Caspase, Pro-caspase 9, within a multiprotein complex called the apoptosome. Smac/DIABLO inhibits IAPs to activate Caspase 9. Caspase 9 activates Caspase 3, which is the initiation step for the cascade of Caspase activation. The extrinsic pathway can be activated by cell surface receptors, such as Fas and TNF Receptor, subsequently activating Caspase 8, and leads to Caspase 3 activation and cell demolition. Caspases in turn cleave a series of substrates, activate DNases and orchestrate the demolition of the cell. Bcl-2 family proteins are also found on the endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear membrane in hematopoietic cells, but they are predominantly localized to mitochondria [2]. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Cotter TG, et al. Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Jul;9(7):501-7.

[2]. Kang MH, et al. Bcl-2 inhibitors: targeting mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1126-32.

Bcl-2 Family Isoform Comparison

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